Othello :: essays research papers

After reading Shakespeare’s play OTHELLO you have to ask yourself is Othello as much a victim as he is a murderer? An assumption may be that because Othello kills his wife after the devious behavior of Iago, then maybe Othello is a victim of Iago’s evil. Some may argue that the sin of Iago to plot the down fall of the moor, is worse because it becomes a calculating mind compared to Othello’s sin because he has become a pawn in Iago’s hands. However, it is noticed that Othello allows himself to be manipulated. Iago’s suggestion of the infidelity of Desdemona, Othello’s wife, provides just the excuse Othello needs to justify the destruction of the wife he believes can not truly love him. Desdemona’s murder is a result of Othello’s pride and quick judgment, as a result, he must be held accountable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Othello, unlike Iago, is capable of forming strong, loving relationships. His genuine friendship with Iago confirms this fact. Othello allows himself to be influenced by Iago, and allows Iago to bring out his most evil characteristics. Although Iago may be the more evil of the two, Othello does little to prevent his instincts from becoming dominant. To see why Othello commits his crime and why he has to be held accountable for it, we must examine his motive. It can be claimed that what actually causes Othello to commit murder is not his being mentally weakened and manipulated by Iago, but rather his own pride and lack of confidence which he allows to gain control. Othello is a strong leader, but he is insecure with his personal qualities. He is in a new city with different customs. He has a new bride, a young and beautiful girl, who he loves but does not know well. The Moor surely is aware of the widespread prejudice in Venice and certainly has to question why Des demona would go against her culture by marrying a black man. Othello has his doubts about Desdemona before Iago begins his scheming. Even though his wife shows nothing but love for him, Othello cannot believe in her love wholeheartedly. â€Å"Tis not to make me jealous to say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company†¦Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw the smallest fear or doubt of her revolt, for she had eyes and chose me† (Act III, Scene III, 198) Othello is going to conclude that Desdemona's compassion and virtue alone enable her to love him.

Advance Practice Theory Paper

APA is defined as having advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills through masters or doctoral education that prepares these people for specialization, expansion and advancement of practice. From the above definition specialization refers to ones concentration in one part of the field of nursing.On the other hand expansion refers to the acquisition of new practice knowledge and skills including knowledge and skills legitimizing the role autonomy within area of practice that overlap traditional boundaries of medial practice/.Advancement in this context involves experience and specialization that is characterized by the integration of theoretical research based and practical knowledge that occurs as part of graduates’ education in nursing. (Michaelene, 2006)The advanced practice nurses are currently being deployed to the rapidly challenging health care system. APN are employed in areas such as the community health government hospitals, nursing homes, clinics all over th e world.   APN functions as educators, consultants’ researchers, policy makers and outstanding clinicians in the areas. (pg 20)Advanced practice nursing in my own view is an exiting career of choice with many opportunities and challenges.   The rise in technological advancement has produced remarkable assistance in helping the health sector in easier diagnosis of diseases.The word APN designates four roles in the nursing world; the nurse anesthetics, nurse midwives, nurse practitioners and nurse specialists. (pg 25) In other descriptions it only refers to the broad category of nurse practitioner and nurse specialists.In this disruption, the clinical nurse specialists are registered nurses usually at the graduate level school.   They demonstrate excellence in a focused area of nursing practice and are the models for quality health care.   These practitioners are registered nurses who have achieved the level of education required for additional registration as nurse pra ctitioners with the association of nurses.Their skills are learned through graduate nursing education and substantial nursing practice experience.   These groups provide healthcare services from a holistic nursing perspective combined with a focus on the diagnoses and treatment of acute and chronic illness including prescribing medication. (Wales Nurses consultation paper, 2007)Nurses play an important role in the health sector through ensuring the welfare of patient is taken care off in the hospital. The beliefs and actions statement for advancement is important in the nursing community in realizing their personal potential.There are certain challenges that face the profession. Identification of such challenges would be an important step in facing the future within the profession.   The basic purpose of nursing is the well being and care of patients.This could mean different when analyzed in different contexts.   But regardless of the context this decisions and actions of the healthcare profession should always be based on an individual; need for halt promotion, cure or palliative case, support, advice or conform and involve the patient fully in determining what these needs may be and how they may be met.This paper provided the opportunity to examine barriers and shelters mode for advanced practice role enactment that will provide an appropriate framework for may advance practice nurse role.STATEMENT OF FUTURE PROFESSIOANL ROLEI would like to be a family nurse practitioner.  Ã‚   This is my effort in realizing and exploiting the potential in me. I clearly understand the nature of caring needed by the professional to my particular patents and my developing a unique relationship between my profession and my patent will portray the highest dignity is required.THEORETICAL ROLE FOR ADVANCED ROLE EANACTMENTAdvanced Nursing practice encompasses all the practices including; knowledge, their skills in practice education & research.   This is much different f rom the description in terms of performance of medial tasks.Skill acquisition theory also referred as the hermeneutic model has been referred by Benner & Wrubel to study expertise in clinical nursing practice.   Banner urges that experienced nurses often use the nurse-patient relationship and knowledge of a patients response patterns to make clinical judgments about patients care. (Michaelene, 2006)Benners definitions of clinical judgment particularly at the level of expertise practice, has been expanded to include both deliberate analytic thinking and non conscious holistic discrimination of patients clinical states.   In this model experts judgment include ethical decision making on what is good or right.This is achieved through extensive knowledge from practice, emotional engagement with patients and with one understanding of specific contents for care.In my Advanced Practicing Nursing (APN) the hermeneutic model describe what I would really expect to add in a profession.      Through use of common sense, understanding, skilled know how, similarity recognition and deliberative rationality is key assets that I intend to use to achieve the best skills to run the profession.To be able to recognize patents needs and after better health care I would use my intuition to analyze complex issues.   Intuition can be defined as the capacity to analyze complex data simultaneously discerning patterns and act of hypotheses without necessarily naming all the factors involved in their decision making.This will require my in-depth understanding of the complex experiential knowledge which I have accumulated in practice.   By combining this attributes and understanding the best patient-interaction method would enhance my effectiveness to offer effective care.My strong points on t he above theory are based on the following understanding that professional education is not just about knowledge and skills to perform tasks, no matter how complex it is much more about so cialization and internalization of the values and codes of profession behavior and practices, both on and off my duty.The professional education takes the lay novice and enables them to be specialists with identity, so that work is not just a job to me by a responsibility.   I also understand that knowledge is gained by acquiring it and should not be static, but used for the benefit of the society.   I will ensure that my knowledge and skills are in tandem with the role I play as a family nurse.Another model of skill acquisition was described by Ham, 1998, Laura & Salentera 2002, in which they pointed out on the range of analytical thinking approaches with a carrying degree of analytical and intuitive thinking. (Neubauer, 1998).This theory of discussion making, the features of the task to be accomplished are thought to determine the degree of intuition and the analyses used by the decision maker.These features of the task are viewed to be outstanding; the complexity of task stru cture (number & redundancy of cases); the ambiguity of task content (availability of organizing principles, familiarity with the task, and possibility of high accuracy); and the form of tasks presentation (task decomposition, signal definition & response time).The model assumes that greater analytical thinking is related to fewer cues and more complex procedures for combining evidence to result in correct answers.The cognitive model would be achieved in my organization capabilities that I pose; my greater task familiarity and my high accuracy will be a greater contributor to my reasoning.I will intend to use my in-depth knowledge on the profession and inborn knowledge for greater analytic thinking.   I will also ensure that I fully understand the task that I would intend to undertake in the hope of making the right decisions.The above theory supports my beliefs that the decision and action that I undertake as a health practitioner should be base on an individual patient need.   This is in addition to involving my patients in decision making which concerns their care thereby promoting healthy lifestyles and self management of health.ConclusionThe advanced practice nursing as we have seen has been consistently characterized as based in holistic persecution , the formation of partnership with patients or pollutions the use of research and theory to guide practice and the use of diverse approaches in health and illness management.And as Banner identified the domains or expert   practice, my Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) would be based on nothing less but even more of the following, having and helping role, monitoring functions of diagnostic and patient monitoring, good and defective management of rapidly changing situations, teaching coaching factors and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regiments; monitoring and ensuring that offer quality health care services and lastly acquire the best organizational and work-role competences.References‘Con sultation paper’ Designed to Realize Our Potential’: a ‘beliefs and action’ statement for nurses, midwives and specialist community public health nurses in Wales for 2007 and beyond. Retrieved on February 22, 2008 from:

Personal Narrative My School Day - 1594 Words

6:37 a.m. I stand in front of my shuttered bedroom mirror, as the blood slowly trickles its way down my fingers and onto my freshly cleaned, white carpet. Tears begin to roll down from my emerald green eyes down and rest upon my rosy cheeks but it wasn’t from the intense sharp pain I was experiencing in my hand. I lowered my head as my strawberry blonde hair falls over my face, blocking my view from the mirror. It’s another school day and just like the last, I was dreading the very thought of it. I feel my phone vibrate against my leg, so with my dry hand I reach across my body and grab my mobile from my left pocket. â€Å"Today’s going to be fun, I promise. Remember no big girls don’t cry :).† This is just another daily reminder from our†¦show more content†¦It’s 30 degrees out today but I would rather overheat then to be seen. I look at the plain blank screen on my phone to have a final check on my black eye before I receive anothe r text. â€Å"See you in Chemistry ugly betty.† My name is Beatrice I sighed to myself. I slide my phone into my back pocket and fling the hood over my black hair. Period One: Physics Period Two: English 10:30 a.m. It’s official first break and I make a quick dash to the cafeteria to avoid Chase. Chase is one of the school’s most promising sports star so they often hang in the cafeteria if they aren’t on the field. He’s in the swimming team, lacrosse team and is captain of the basketball team. Not to mention he is in other groups like Vinnies, scholarships and the anti-bullying club, which amuses me. I stand impatiently in line tapping my feet in time to the music that the jocks were playing over the school speakers. When I am finally next in line and ready to order I see Chase looking at me from across the room. Our eyes lock and I can feel the hairs on the back of my neck stand straight. I hear faint whispering of someone saying my name. â€Å"Beatrice, I don’t have all day what do you want?† I jolt my head quickly towards the cafeteria lady bring my attention back to the food. I just shake my head and walk out and from the corner of my eye I just see Chase laughing. Period Three: History Period Four: Chemistry†¦ Great. I go and sit down in my normalShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My School Day1703 Words   |  7 PagesAfter an eight hour school day whizzed by, filled with laughter and joy spent with my friends, I walked towards my bus. Looking around, I could see everything from birds gliding in the wind, their feathers glistening in the sunlight, to spiders in the bushes, working tirelessly to spin their magnificently intricate masterpiece webs. The trees were starting to change from a vibrant green, to a light yellow, to a deep orange, and finally, to a bloody red. The contrast of all the awe-inspiring colorsRead MorePersonal Narrative : My First Day At School989 Words   |  4 PagesBEEP! My digital clock struck 7:00, my light turned on, and I got ready. â€Å"Oh, it’s my first day of second grade,† I remembered while putting on my hat. The sun was shining through my bedroom window, lighting up the corners of the room. This is 2011 in Sep tember and I was ready for my first day of second grade. I walked out of my room, seeing my entire family arisen from their peaceful slumber. I sat down at the table, pouring in a bowl of Kix and scarfing them down like I haven’t eaten in days. OnceRead MorePersonal Narrative : My First Day At School732 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Come on Jason, get in the car!† Mom yelled. I raced upstairs to get my backpack and darted out the door. Being late on my first day at a new school was not something I wanted to happen. Mom started driving right as I closed the door because she didn’t want me to be late either. As we approached Fairfield Jr. High School I got the butterflies in my stomach from seeing all these new faces. Someone dressed in black dress pants, black shoes, a white button up, and a black tie was greeting everyRead More Personal Narrative: My First Day at School Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesMy first day at school My first day at school was a new adventure for me. I had to wear a school uniform: a blue dress and handmade leather sandals. Having run around all but naked for the first eight years of my life, it was very exciting. At school we learnt about Australian culture and its social classes as well as social classes worldwide. Throughout my studies I learnt that Australia wasnt a classless society. The class to which a person belonged determined how they were treated and weRead MoreImportance Of Personal Writing915 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest in music and poetry, sparking my interest to learn to write like musicians and poets. Up until that point, I had always been writing papers for school, often to write research papers or to write forced narratives. I never wrote anything for myself until about junior year in high school. I did always enjoy reading intriguing narratives that others didn’t enjoy though, so that’s exactly what I wrote. Even senior year, I was assigned to write a narrative story based around Arthurian legends;Read MoreMy Family And Education Is Important For Your Future1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes in my family’s narrative. The first theme in society that con tradicts the values of my family is homosexuality. As mentioned above, religion is a large part of my family, therefore, homosexuality is not part of the catholic religion. With that being said my family has a strong opinion and belief about same sex relationships. The second theme compliments my family’s values and that is getting and education. In broader culture getting and education is important for your future and in my familyRead MorePersonality Can Be A Hard Concept To Pinpoint, Considering1315 Words   |  6 Pagesextravert. For me I believe my personal narrative has had a large impact on my personality and so I am going to start there. I believe that an individuals personal narrative can be one of the most telling signs of one’s true personality, or at least what got them to how they are today. Most of the theories and the personality tests are used to apply to the masses and they are then able to portion off smaller groups to certain personalities. With a personal narrative however, this really dives deepRead MoreThe Narrative Theory / Paradigm1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe narrative theory/paradigm states that everything we do can be laid out as a story (Fisher, 1984). The main points of the theory/paradigm are the following: humans are essentially storytellers; decisions that humans make are based off of good reasons rather than proof; what we do and how we think is swayed by accounts of history, biography, culture and character; our rationality is determined by our sense of probability (the coherency of the narrative) and narrative fidelity (whether the storyRead MoreMy Personal Perspective Of Counselin g1121 Words   |  5 PagesTypically children in schools are referred to counseling for externalizing behavior, these behaviors can be easily measured and tracked. Counseling is considered effective when the behavior of referral has decreased. All expenditures in a school have to be justified, demonstrating a change in externalizing behaviors is one way to do this. From my personal perspective, counseling is effective when a child has increased awareness of why they engage in a behavior. Counseling in schools often focuses onRead MoreA Short Story1483 Words   |  6 Pageslong day of school work. My body sagged with fatigue, arms unable to rise above my waist, and my head drooped in eagerness to meet my bed. Of course I was eager in turn to meet my head’s throbbing expectations, leaping into bed to a night long and full of eventful dreams. Then I heard those fatal words, courtesy of my darling mother ,† Did you have good day? Did you get everything done that you needed to?† â€Å"Mrghm†¦ In-a-bit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , came my mumbled, muffled, reply. As much as I anticipated giving my body

The Mercy by Paul Levine Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The irony of the ship s name is not lost on us as Levine proceeds to tell us about the trials that were suffered by those traveling on this particular ship. His nine-year-old mother was presumably traveling alone as She prayed in Russian and Yiddish / to find her family in New York (14), but she was to find no mercy here as her prayers went unheard or misunderstood or perhaps ignored / by all the powers that swept the waves of darkness (15-16). She is surrounded by people who do not even speak her language and is left to languish on the ship for 31 days in quarantine while smallpox rages through the passengers until the dead were buried at sea (19). There was to be no mercy for those onboard who might fall victim to the disease, as long as it was not permitted to enter the city itself. Switching focus for a moment, Levine tells his readers that Italian miners from Piemonte dig / under towns in western Pennsylvania / only to rediscover the same nightmare / they left at home (3 0-33), indicating that even though all these people came to this country seeking new fortunes, most met with the same fate or worse that they had envisioned leaving behind in the old world. Like the orange that was offered to her as a special treat by a sailor, his mother, and many more just like her has learned that mercy, while sweet and lovely when it comes, is infrequently provided to such as her. The concept that this was both a one-time voyage and a constant event that is established in this unique blending of points of view is continued in the figurative language that connects these thoughts together and establishes the singular case of thousands of young people who traveled to America seeking a better life. The first hint of this use of language appears in Levine s image of a young girl and a seaman, carefully repeating the word orange over and over again during the long voyage. Here we see not only the careful attention provided this girl by the sailor but also the sin gular experience of this attention that it would stand out so clearly against the rest of the lonely voyage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mercy by Paul Levine or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Teaching Reflection - 1795 Words

The TV monitor can be an opening to adventures that students may never have the chance to explore. When I use cable television and video clips in my classroom my students get excited about what we are going to study. If a student is a visual-spatial learner the television or videos could be an excellent tool to use in order to meet their learning style. Alexander Golon explains â€Å"Visual-spatial learners are students who show advanced abilities with computers, maps, construction toys, and puzzles† (Golon). Throughout my paper I will explain how cable television and video clips can be useful tool because they appeal to different learning styles in the classroom and meet South Carolina’s state standards when used appropriately. Let’s face†¦show more content†¦The guidelines express the importance of TV/media in the classroom. The following two guidelines that follow were created by, media education consultant, Frank Baker: Guiding Principle 8 An effective English language arts curriculum provides for literacy in all forms of media to prepare students to live in an information-rich society. The skills of critical inquiry—the ability to question and analyze a message, whether it be textual, visual, auditory, or a combination of these—are a crucial element in literacy instruction. The production of visual media is also a crucial element enabling students to acquire and demonstrate an understanding of advertising, aesthetic techniques, audience, bias, propaganda and intellectual purpose. Integrating into the ELA curriculum the vocabulary and skills associated with media presentations helps students develop lifelong habits of critical thinking. Guiding Principle 9 An effective English language arts curriculum emphasizes informational text that is relevant to our increasingly complex and technological world. Today’s students are confronted with unprecedented amounts of information in a wide variety of print and nonprint forms. The ability to locate and use information effectively is an essential skill in the modern world. In many instances, information comes in unfiltered formats. Consumers ofShow MoreRelatedReflection On A Teaching Strategy882 Words   |  4 PagesReflection is not a teaching strategy that is usually associated with a mathematics classroom. I have taught mathematics to 8th grade students for the last six years; in my time as a teacher I have found that most of my students are not able to reflect and make the connections that their grade in my class is linked to their actions in class. Similar to most teachers, at the end of a semester I have several students that want extra credit to improve their grade last minute. These are the same studentsRead MoreTeaching Methods Reflection1216 Words   |  5 Pageschange in my beliefs about teaching; I came to understan d that there are many different theories and methods that can be tailored to suit the teacher and the needs of the student. The readings, especially those from Lyons, G., Ford, M., Arthur-Kelly, M. (2011), Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R., Le Cornu, R. (2007), and Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, M., Sinclair, C., Nanlohy, P. (2010), have helped me to understand this in particular. In composing my essay about teaching methods and other themesRead MoreReflection On Effective Teaching1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this analysis, my objective is to reflect on effective teaching and learning strategies and methods, using my personal experience in the classroom, as well as wider reading/research and university lectures, including my contextual analysis on my placement school (see appendix one). However, since there are so many dynamics to effective teaching and learning, one cannot put a finger on a single aspect and use that as a solution. With this in mind, I have chosen to look at two fociRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflective Teaching758 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper: Reflective Teaching It’s not easy for every person in the teaching filed to be a good and professional teacher without working hard on adjusting and being able to change and use different methods in teaching that they have not used. As a person who wants to be a great teacher in the future, I find that using different methods of teaching and being able to reflect on my teaching by trying new ways of teaching and getting feedback from my colleagues and my students are essential pointsRead MoreReflection Of A Reflection On Teaching2112 Words   |  9 PagesReflection for Co- Teaching This semester was my first time working with 3rd graders at an IB school. This type of school is structured much differently than all the other elementary schools in Jefferson County. The curriculum at this school is a concept driven curriculum that helps students construct meaning through improved critical thinking skills. This means that the lessons taught are inquiry based. Inquiry based instruction is centered on posing questions and establishing facts through explorationRead MoreReflection On Reflective Teaching1502 Words   |  7 PagesTo truly reflect on one’s own teaching, to collect information on what you do in the classroom and to think about why you do it, is not always an easy task or something that comes natural to all people. The process involves self-observation and self-evaluation, which at times can be very difficult to do and can be difficult to do correctly. However, if a teacher will take the time to continually practice reflective teaching, the teacher will be able to identify underlying beliefs, which can thenRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflections Of Teaching3285 Words   |  14 PagesAssignment Two Reflections of Teaching I was given a year 10 BTEC ITC class to teach. This class has a mixture of abilities and behaviour. Talking to the students over the term the students that could be said to be â€Å"disruptive† would happily tell me that they â€Å"did not want to pick this option† and felt they had no choice but pick the subject. This gave an interesting challenge of trying to engage these students with the subject and improve behaviour and the environment of the class in general. Read MoreStudent Teaching Reflection796 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Teaching Reflection My student teaching provided me with was an experience that will best benefit me into my future teaching career.   I had the opportunity to teach in a 1stgrade classroom.   The class started out with 17 students, 5 girls and 12 boys, but one student moved away and the class size dropped to 16 students, leaving the class with 4 girls and 12 boys.   My cooperating teacher and the students accepted me into their classroom and were excited to have another teacher in the roomRead MoreA Reflection On Teaching Philosophy961 Words   |  4 PagesA teaching philosophy statement is a document that educators prepare to express their personal ideas regarding the teaching role. Often used as part of the application packet for an academic position and in teaching portfolios for tenure and promotion reviews, teaching philosophy statements allow educators to reflect on their teaching practices and validate their success in teaching. Teaching philosophies can guide academic nurse educators by ensuring that they are using varied pedagogies that stimulateRead MoreA Reflection On Teaching And Learning962 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many activities that occur in education. Teaching and learning are showcased as being the two most important by Hoy and Hoy. These activities require an impressive skill set to execute successfully in the classroom arena. The purpose of everything that transpires in the name of education is for the sole purpose of student learning. I agree with their assertion that student differences impact the amount and rate at which students learn. Students have great differences in race, gender

Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium Free Essays

string(175) " Agency is also responsible for skills and employment programmes, plan to boost common games participation as well as proposing London as a place to do big or small business\." 1.Introduction Project management has changed to plan, manage as well as organize the complex and different performances of modern industrial, business and organization change and IT projects. Every projects share a common feature which is the projection of ideas and performance into new activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pervasive factor of risk and uncertainty means that the actions and tasks leading to completing the project can certainly not be predicted with total accuracy. Cases of projects that have gone beyond their expenses by massive sum of money, not on time or being neglected before completion, such failures are common and seen in all kinds of projects in manufacturing, business and the public sector. The purpose of project management is to predict various risk and trouble as possible and to plan, manage and organize activities so that projects are completed successfully in spite of all the risks. The main aim of a project manager is for the product of the project to suit what the client as well as all the other major stakeholders requested for, within the promised timescale and without asking for additional money or resources than what was initially budgeted. The Olympic Stadium will host the Athletics and Paralympics Athletics events at the London 2012 Games, as well as the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The Olympic Stadium is a professional stadium intended to be as sustainable as possible while catering for an Olympic event. The Olympic Stadium design was promoted as an example of sustainable progress; however a number of architecture reviewer have queried both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. Wembley stadium is a 90,000-capacity venue is the second largest stadium in Europe, and serves as England’s national stadium. It is the home venue of the England national football team, and hosts the latter stages of the top level domestic club cup competition, the FA Cup. 2. Olympic Stadium Overview The games Every four years, a new Host City begins its preparations for the Summer Olympic Games and Paralympics Games. The timing and the preparation are usually conducted under intense analysis, with the motive to meet the deadline for the completion of the project prior to the delivery of the project. The London’s 2012 Olympics games bid was based on the fact that it will make a massive change in London as well as the United Kingdom through the Olympic Games and Paralympics’ Games. The location of the 2012 Games will be the Olympic Park in east London, which is known for its diverse communities in the United Kingdom, and at the western edge of the Thames Gateway the biggest regeneration project in Europe. 2.1 The organisations There are two major organisations that there main focus is to make sure the delivering of the London 2012 Games is remarkable, they are namely: 2.1.1 The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG): this organisation is responsible for plannin g and staging the Olympics Games. LOCOG is a private company limited by guarantee, and makes approximately all its financial support from the sale of tickets and products, sponsorship and broadcasting revenues which could be a total of ?2 billion. The London 2012 brands the support the games needs to be very confined to ensure that the funds can be raised and use for the intended purpose. 2.1.2 The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA): this organisation is responsible for building the new venues and infrastructure for the Games, and make sure that they have a practical legacy use. The ODA is also responsible for converting the Olympics park for long-term use after the games is over. The ODA, which is also the planning authority for the Olympic Park site in east London, is a public body supported through council tax, National Lottery and regeneration funding. The ODA’s work is underpinned by six main concern themes which are: design and accessibility, employment and skills, equality and inclusion, health, safety and security, sustainability, and legacy. LOCOG and the ODA are supported by the different London 2012 stakeholders, who are also responsible for ensuring that United Kingdom athlete, London, and the United Kingdom as a whole gain as much as possible from the 2012 Games. 2.2 The London 2012 stakeholders 2.2.1 The British Olympic Association (BOA) The BOA chooses leads and prepares Team GB at every summer, winter and Youth Olympic Games. The BOA is not supported financially or controlled by government as it is completely dependent upon commercial sponsorship and fundraising income to provide the support for Team GB. The BOA is also responsible for promoting the Olympic spirit and ideas through the charitable arm which is known as the British Olympic Foundation. 2.2.2 The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is responsible for the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, the generally finances of the Games, and sponsorship of the Olympic Delivery Authority. The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is also responsible for putting together the legacy benefits taken by all the business enterprise, cultural, environmental, educational and wider sporting proposal that will place all over the country as a result of the game before, during and after the London 2012. 2.2.3 The Mayor of London Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, works with the Greater London Authority (GLA) Group ensuring that all Londoners get the most possible benefit from the 2012 Games. He is also responsible for ensuring. The Mayor of London is also a member of the Chairpersons of the Olympic Board, which manages the 2012 project. The mayor of London is also directing some few departments that works together to ensure that the London 2012 is a success and they are namely: 2.2.3.1 The London Development Agency The Mayor’s London Development Agency (LDA) is responsible for the physical, social and economic legacy of the Olympic Park area. The Mayor’s London Development Agency is also responsible for skills and employment programmes, plan to boost common games participation as well as proposing London as a place to do big or small business. You read "Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium" in category "Essay examples" The Mayor’s London Development Agency is working in partnership with local authorities, London 2012, local communities, public sector bodies and other organisations in the planning and delivery of new communities and the restoration that they can support. 2.2.3.2 Transport for London The Transport for London is also under the Mayor of London’s direction, it is spending billions of pounds to bring a transport legacy for east London before 2012, to ensure that the east London area have a constant increase in transport investmen 2.2.3.3 The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) offers direction of the Olympic legacy agenda for east and south east London. Its main concern is to ensure the development and delivery of the Legacy Master plan Framework. The purpose of the framework is set out a clear vision for the upcoming progress of the Olympic Park and its immediate environment, which will commences as soon as the games are over. 2.2.4 The Olympic Board The Olympic Board offers oversight, strategic coordination and monitoring of the entire 2012 Games project, making sure that the delivery of the pledge made to the IOC when the games was being awarded to London as well as a lasting legacy from the staging of the games. 2.2.5 Olympic Park Legacy Company The Olympic Park Legacy Company is responsible for the long-term planning, development, management and maintenance of the Olympic Park and its facilities after the London 2012 Games. The Olympic Park Legacy Company plans to develop the park to a new and successful park of the London city. 2.2.6 The British Paralympic Association (BPA) The British Paralympic Association (BPA) is responsible for sending off the best and finest prepared team to represent Great Britain at the winter and Summer Paralympic Games. At the Beijing Paralympic Games Paralympics GB had their most successful Games ever, winning 42 gold medals and finishing second on the medal table. The British Paralympic Association is also responsible for promoting the Paralympic Movement in the UK. 2.2.7: The five Host Boroughs The five Host Boroughs which are namely Greenwich, Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest are also key partners in supporting and delivering the Games in east London. Apart from the core area of the Games there are many other local authorities, both in London and elsewhere in the United Kingdom that will play host to Games venues, training camps and cultural activities. 3 The London 2012 Sustainability Plan London 2012 and the London 2012 stakeholders share a commitment to maximise sustainability, and the beneficial impact of the 2012 Games, across all these phases of the 2012 programme. The opening of the Olympic Games in London on 27 July 2012 is drawing close, and many plans and ideas are still in development. Sustainability, particularly, is a fast developing discipline, with new methods and technologies constantly being created to lessen ecological impacts and make best use of the social and economic benefits. The London 2012 Sustainability Plan covers the three main phases of the Games programme: Training: 2012 Games training concentrates on the proposal and building of the Olympic Park along with other permanent site and infrastructure. Event production: the lack of dependable data from other events makes it complicated to categorize targets and set new targets. Building a lasting and sustainable legacy: The 2012 Games have to secure a motivated and long-term physical and social legacy for the Olympic Park area and around the UK. The amenities and the Olympic Park itself will be the platform for a detailed, in progress and environmentally responsible regeneration programme. 4. The Olympic Stadium Analysis The Olympic Stadium design was endorsed as example of sustainable development, although a number of architecture reviewers have questioned both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. The Olympic stadium design was launched on 7 November 2007. The architect, Populous, is an architectural company which focus on the design of sports facilities and conference centre, as well as planning of major special events. The Sydney’s Olympic bid used the Olympics to change its focus and brought about change, The Sydney’s Olympic also used the Olympics as a means of placing environmental permit to the public so as to think about sport and the change about to be implemented through delivering metropolitan regeneration. For many cities and countries, sport is now a means for making inward investment as well as reinforcing Brownfield sites; the strategy was used in Manchester and Melbourne (Commonwealth Games of 2002 and 2006 respectively), in Germany (2006 World Cup) and is currently being used by Glasgow in its bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games. London won its bid on the back of three factors each of which factored in the concept of legacy; 1) London is known as one of the world’s most culturally and ethnically diverse populations 2) London is concerned about restoring one of the unprivileged areas of the city, which is in progress, by providing a legacy of amenities for local people 3) The benefactors of the Olympics are said to children, with the idea that different nations could link through sport. This point is said to be cause that made London’s bid stand out of the rest of the nation bids. The costs of hosting the Olympics are considerable, and have huge impacts upon people, space and financial commitment. London’s bid – unlike that of Paris – was focused upon a complete re-brand and re-construction of a brownfield site along the Lea Valley in east London. A range of new facilities is to be built in the area, together with the use of existing stadia for football. There is little doubt that the media will focus upon the impacts of the Olympics in terms of their costs. The same focus occurred in Sydney in the 5-6 years leading up to 2000, particularly in respect of costs arising from the remediation of polluted sites. Economic Impacts The government announced in January 2009 that more than 30,000 new jobs will be created between 2009 and 2012. Recent news coverage suggests the construction workforce for the Olympic site is expected to increase to around 6,000 by the end of 2009, despite the economic downturn which is affecting many other parts of the construction industry. As with Sydney, projected costs have proved to be gross underestimates. It is fair to ask whether the figures can now balance. The UK Government estimated in mid-2007 that costs would reach ?10 billion, over four times the original estimate, but that these would be exceeded by the scale of benefits. It is worth noting here that – Wembley Stadium apart – virtually every sports regeneration and construction project in the UK in recent years (e.g. Arsenal Emirates Stadium, Manchester Commonwealth Games) has been completed on time and to budget. The likely outcome is, therefore, that budgets will have been revised, but will be delivered, and that the deadlines are likely to be met with room to spare. Environmental Impacts Sydney branded itself as the world’s first ‘Green Olympics’. The plans for London have developed this concept further, with a focus upon environmental improvement, in some cases designed by the same design personnel responsible for Sydney. The central focus is Olympic Park, the first major park in London for over a century. The total economic impact is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced impacts resulting from the Games. The direct impact can be attributed to purchases of Games organisers in the preparation and execution of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Indirect impacts are felt in the goods and service industries that supply the industries that receive expenditures by Games organisers. Induced impacts are generated from the spending by people employed indirectly or directly by Games expenditures On a note of caution, none of the previous Olympics, not even Sydney, have significantly increased sports participation to a level or duration where this might conceivably lead to health benefits. It will need a high risk carefully thought through approach to succeed. Managing Change On a project of this scale and profile the team have had to be extremely flexible and adaptable to change. Requirements from the Olympic Delivery Authority side have remained consistent but as the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) began to ramp up their work, they made some changes to the project scope. As an example of this, it was agreed that the technology needed for the opening ceremony would be installed as part of the construction of the stadium rather than at the end. This additional work was not part of the original project scope, and so led to some delays while the works were catered for. However, the integrated approach of the team to challenges such as these has meant that the team were confident that these changes could be absorbed without affecting the overall programme. There are many forums established to facilitate learning between projects across the park. Park wide health and safety forums are held regularly and cross park meetings are regularly held at every level from CLM project manager, to director, to environmental manager meetings. A team from the project visited the Beijing Olympics so that any lessons from that project could be taken forward. In addition, the International Olympic Committee provided top tips from previous Olympic games Constraints and challenges There are limits on what can be achieved by London 2012. They do not lessen our ambition, but they need to be presented openly:– Some plans, for example for the treatment of waste during and after the 2012 Games, will depend on the provision of facilities and technologies that are not yet in place. Where this is the case, we can only signal our intention, and set out the developments that we will depend on to make this intention a reality.– The 2012 Games can act as a catalyst for new building technologies and new approaches to staging events, but the approaches used must be robust enough to cope with the largest event in the world and to take account of immovable deadlines, the priorities of sport and security, and contractual obligations to sponsors and rights holders.– The work being done to integrate sustainability into event planning and management is ground breaking. Although many other major events, including previous Games, have carried out ‘greenin g’ initiatives, there is very little reliable quantitative information on which to base strategies and targets. – Budgets must be respected: value for money does not mean lowering ambitions to achieve the lowest costs, but economic viability (and the added value that can be achieved through sustainable procurement) must be seen as an integral part of overall sustainability.– London 2012 can commit to the standards it will meet, but in other areas we can only influence, using the huge inspirational power of the Games to encourage others to change their behaviour, for example by encouraging international spectators to minimise the carbon impact of their travel to the UK. For specific cases, like a number of transport infrastructure projects, London 2012 is a part-funder but does not have complete control. 3. Wembley Overview Wembley was designed by architects HOK Sport and Foster and Partners with engineers Mott MacDonald, built by Multiplex and funded by Sport England, WNSL (Wembley National Stadium Limited), the Football Association, the Department for Culture Media and Sport and the London Development Agency. It is the most expensive stadium ever built at a cost of ?798 million and has the largest roof-covered seating capacity in the world. The all seater stadium is based around a bowl design with a capacity of 90,000, protected from the elements by a sliding roof that does not completely enclose it. It can also be adapted as an athletic stadium by erecting a temporary platform over the lowest tier of seating. The stadium’s signature feature is a circular section lattice arch of 7 m (23 ft) internal diameter with a 315 m (1,033 ft) span, erected some 22 ° off true, and rising to 140 m (459 ft) tall. It supports all the weight of the north roof and 60% of the weight of the retractable roof on the southern side. The archway is the world’s longest unsupported roof structure. The initial plan for the reconstruction of Wembley was for demolition to begin before Christmas 2000, and for the new stadium to be completed sometime during 2003, but this work was delayed by a succession of financial and legal difficulties. It was scheduled to open on 13 May 2006, with the first game being that year’s FA Cup Final. However, worries were expressed as to whether the stadium would actually be completed on time. The new stadium was completed and handed over to the FA on 9 March 2007, with the total cost of the project (including local transport infrastructure redevelopment and the cost of financing) estimated to be ?1 billion. The delays started from the very start. The procurement process to contractor followed a twin track approach. Multiplex, who ultimately won the contract, were given preferential treatment from the start. The official Wembley Stadium website announced that the stadium would be open for public viewing for local residents of Brent on 3 March 2007, however the event was delayed by two weeks and instead happened on 17 March. The keys to the new Wembley stadium were finally handed over to the owners on 9 March 2007 ready to be open and used for upcoming FA Cup football matches, concerts and other events. 2.1 stakeholders The Football Association The FA was founded in 1863 as the governing body for football in England. The FA is responsible for all regulatory aspects of the game of football in England and is responsible for promoting the development of the game at every level. The FA runs the England Teams, The FA Cup, The FA Community Shield, Women’s Football, The FA Youth Cup and a range of other competitions. Every year the stadium hosts all home, senior England International games, The FA Cup final and semi-finals, The FA Community Shield and The FA Vase and Trophy Finals. Wembley National Stadium Limited, the company that operates Wembley Stadium, is a fully owned subsidiary of The FA. Department of Culture, Media and Sport The sponsoring department for Sport England. The department is led by the Secretary of State, Rt Hon Tessa Jowell MP, who sits in the Cabinet. The Department is providing ?20million of funding towards the stadium project. This contribution will pay for non-stadium infrastructure improvements to the Wembley area. Sport England A Government agency, formerly The Sports Council. It leads the development of sport in England by influencing and serving the public, private and voluntary sectors. It is responsible for the administration of the sports section of the National Lottery in England. A ?120million Lottery Grant funded the purchase of the old Wembley Stadium. The London Development Agency The London Development Agency is the capitals economic development body, promoting economic renewal and development. It’s one of nine Regional Development Agencies. Working for the Mayor – and in partnership with businesses and other organisations – it benefits all Londoners by delivering economic development and regeneration for the capital. The LDA has contributed ?21million to the project Controversy and events during construction When the project first started, it was delayed for two years due to financial and political difficulties before eventually getting underway in late 2002. The stadium was supposed to be completed by May 2006 for the FA Cup Final, but this was transferred to Cardiff following consultation with Multiplex about when the stadium would be finished. Multiplex was unable to complete the stadium within the scheduled time and had to pay penalties. In December 2008, Multiplex sued the stadium designer Mott MacDonald for ?253m saying that it was denied access to key design information that led to increased steelwork costs. A few construction problems were highlighted during the project. The first was a problem between Multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge. Cleveland Bridge walked off the job in 2004 shortly before the arch was raised because they did not believe they would be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between the two parties. The problems resulted in two high-profile court cases where the two companies sued each other for breach of contract (Multiplex sued for ?45m and Cleveland Bridge sued for ?22.5m to recover what it believed it was owed). In September 2008, Multiplex won the case and received ?6m from Cleveland. The second problem involved a temporary roof support rafter, which fell by over half a metre in March 2006. This resulted in the evacuation of 3,000 construction workers and delayed worked while inspections and reports were carried out. The project began again shortly afterwards. Later, in March 2006, a third problem came to light. The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement. Remedial work started later on. The stadium was scheduled to be completed by late summer 2006; however, it was completed in March 2007 moving the scheduled sport events to other stadium. Analysis It is easy to see the impact of failed project management in works such as Wembley stadium. It damaged the reputation which hampers the ability to gain further work. Customers were very dissatisfied as they were hoping that it`s construction will be completed on time. Cost was so over ruined that lead to huge loss of profit. This project damaged the relationship with sub-contractors and other business partners, financial penalties were paid to the workforce and there was a huge amount of low morale amongst the workforce. First we look at the Time, cost and The Legal battle over the Wembley stadium issue. The first major problem concerning Wembley stadium was the time and cost issue. Wembley stadium was almost delayed for eight long years. Plans for a new national stadium have been dogged by delays, management problems and spiralling costs since Wembley was chosen in December 1996. The designs were unveiled in 1999. This was due to several problems .when the project first started it was delayed for two yrs due to financial and political difficulties but got underway in 2002.This guide to Multiplex paying penalties for the late finishing of the contract although they have threatened to sue WNSL over changes in the design which they suggest the main reason responsible for the project being late. The first problem was between multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge, Bridge walled away from the job in 2004 because they believe that they were not going to be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between two parties. On the other hand the temporary roof support which fell by over half a metre in march 2006 which resulted in the evacuation of 3000 construction workers and delayed work while inspections and reports were carried out .Later in march 2006 the problem of light came in context .The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement ,Remedial work was put into action for this and is currently nearing completion.It is also been claimed by multiplex that wrong type of concrete was used in the foundation The financial pressures on Wembley could increase if the Olympic Stadium in Stratford is retained as an 80,000-capacity stadium following the games. If the Olympic Stadium were to be retained as an 80,000-capacity venue, an idea that is again gaining ground, it could harm the future viability of both. Wembley made a loss of ?23m in 2008 once depreciation, interest payments and tax were taken into account. Despite refinancing its loans, the operating company faces several years of onerous interest payments on the ?757m stadium. The continuing strain that Wembley places on the FA’s accounts has become more significant in the wake of the collapse of Setanta’s ?150m broadcasting deal. The FA is hoping to conclude a replacement deal with the BBC for the remaining FA Cup rights but is likely to have to accept a significant drop in income. Construction challenges The construction presented a number of challenges. No stadium has ever been built this way, so architects and engineers had to use complex computer models to predict how the structure would behave if built in certain ways. Given the special history of the previous Wembley Stadium, the designers had to pay particular attention to the atmosphere of the stadium, including the way it will sound with a full crowd cheering. Again, computers were used to simulate the acoustics of the new stadium before the design was agreed upon. http://plagiarism.pro/ http://www.crossrefme.net/scripts/report7.php http://searchenginereports.net/articlecheck.aspx http://www.duplichecker.com/search.asp http://www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker/ Reference ^ â€Å"Work begins on 2012 Olympic field†. BBC News. 2010-05-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8699319.stm. ^ â€Å"News: New era of stadium design begins with Olympic Stadium – London 2012†. http://www.london2012.com/news/media-releases/2007-11/new-era-of-stadium-design-begins-with-olympic-stadium.php. Retrieved 2008-08-05. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/nov/17/wembley-stadium-2012-olympic-games How to cite Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium, Essay examples

Lives on the Boundary Essay Example For Students

Lives on the Boundary Essay The GiverJonas, an eleven year old boy , was very intellegent and outstanding. In fact he surpassed the other kids intelligence. He grew up with her sister Lily and a special visitor named Gabriel very well educated by his parents . He was almost a perfect son, he was friendly and good hearted. In fact he fell in love with a girl named Fiona.. He learned very quickly all about his community, a community where all the people lived happy and peaceful lives. Jonas life was perfect, even the community were he was living seemed to be perfect. But one day when he became twelve, according to the community rules, it was time to receive his lifes assignment just like all the other kids that became twelve. Jonas was given a special assignment. To his astonishment he was given the most respected job of all. The assignment designated for Jonas was called The Receiver. Jonas, being the Receiver, was obligated to receive all the memories from the actual Giver and past Givers whether they were nice or horrible. He learned many things about the past that no one else knew. At first Jonas was living peacefully in his community. He used to do all the things that a eleven year old kid does, like play, ride bicycles and go to school every day. There was no pain or fear or things to worry about. Jonas had many friends, some of his best friends were Asher and Fiona. They used to work voluntarily, helping and taking care of the old people. The elderly were lovingly cared for as were the newest members of that place. In that community every single person was given a certain job for which he or she was suited emotionally, physically and mentally at a certain age, in annual Ceremonies. Every family in this community had a mother, father, and two children, one of each sex. Jonas had two parents, a mother who was happily employed at the Department of Justice, and a father who was happily employed as a Nurturer. There was much laughter and obvious joy. There was no rudeness, no crime and no disease. When people did get hurt they took a pill and the pain went right away. No one ever broke bones or anything. There were no criminals, and there were no locks on any homes or buildings. The only bad thing about The Givers community was Release. The community was controlled by a committe of older citizens from the community called the committe of elders. The committe told the community what to do and when to do it, using speakers that were installed all around the community. There was also one speaker in each house of the community, the society was ideal. When Jonas turned twelve the committe of elders told him at the time of receiving the assignment that he was selected to be trained to become the Receiver of Memory. The Receivers job was to listen to their proposals and just tell them whether or not they should do it based on the lessons of history. The present Givers job was to be giving the memories, all of them to Jonas. He did so through all of the senses. Jonas learns of war and hate, of snow and trees and colors all of which were not present in this society. He also learned of the horror all around him. However, they didnt want to make decisions or changes which, in the past, had led to disaster so they have assigned one person to keep all the memories of history, their own and that of all societies. As a Receiver Jonas was to able to do many things that citizens of the community were not allowed to do. Also, as a Receiver, Jonas learned amazing things some of them were horrible and painful for him, one of them was Release. Wh en a person broke a major rule, was too old, or wasnt right as a baby they got released. Release was killing. .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .postImageUrl , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:hover , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:visited , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:active { border:0!important; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:active , .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9e1fcb5a6a1030019e4e7ce293a461b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Learning A Lesson the Hard Way EssayOne day Jonas saw his Father nurturing a baby. He saw his father turn and open a cupboard. He took out a syringe and a small bottle. Very carefully he inserted the needle into the bottle and began to fill the syringe with a clear liquid. To his surprise, his father began very carefully to direct the needle into the top of the newchilds forehead, puncturing the place where the fragile skin pulsed. The newborn squirmed and wailed faintly. Jonas instantly knew that his father had just killed that baby. Once again he saw the face of the light haired, bloodied soldier as life left his eyes. The memory came back. He killed it! My father killed it! Jonas said to himself, stunned at what he was realizing. After he saw these he inmediately remembered that his little brother Gabriel was going to be released. Jonas did not want his little brother to be released so he make a serious decision to leave the community and take his litle brother with him. He did not even plan it, everything happened so quick that he was barely able to take some food along. Besides the food that he had stolen he also stole his fathers bycicle, in order to carry Gabriel in the back seat. Once Jonas had crossed the river there was no turning back. He started pedaling faster and faster trying to reach the other community as soon as posible. Jonas pedaled the entire day and night. He was very tired until he realized that the sun had started to set and he decided to stop, rest and eat some of the stolen food. Days and days passed and Jonas was still clueless about the other community. He was hungry and G abriel was too but the problem was that they had no more food left. After this they just keep going until Jonas was unable to continue riding his bycicle in order to get to the other community and Jonas rested again. This time for a longer period of time. Then he continued again. Gabriel was sleeping, weak and hungry. Jonas continued riding the bycicle slowly, tired and hungry hoping to finally get to his destiny. Suddenly he heard some music and lights. Immediately Jonas began thinking that it was the other community celebrating and waiting for him. Whether there is a perfect community or not, killing is killing, no matter what the rules are to keep the perfectness. The Givers community seems very fantastic and mystycal, but I would not be able to live in one of those communities knowing that there is a rule to kill people. For example when someone from the community had twins or they were just sick, the committe would immediately sent them to released them or in other words to killed them. For me Jonas acted very bravely not caring about the consequences. In fact if I had the chance to live in one of those communities with the rule of Releasing I would do the same thing that Jonas did.